ubuntu - Cloning Fresh Windows 7 -fsed HDD to Linux Server because having no external HDD or disks for the Backup

New lenovo x220 laptop with Windows 7 Pro with the below specs. I want to backup the disk to my server but I need to know the W7 fs, what is it?

$ sudo mount -t ntfs /dev/sdb Windows/
NTFS signature is missing.
Failed to mount '/dev/sdb': Invalid argument
The device '/dev/sdb' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS.
Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a
partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around?
$ sudo mount -t ntf /dev/sdb Windows/
mount: unknown filesystem type 'ntf'
$ sudo mount -t nts /dev/sdb Windows/
mount: unknown filesystem type 'nts'

$ dmesg|tail
[   25.928832] sdb: p2 size 4779917312 extends beyond EOD, truncated
[   25.928867] sdb: p3 start 4804509696 is beyond EOD, truncated
[   25.929882] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] 78142806 4096-byte logical blocks: (320 GB/298 GiB)
[   25.931382] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page present
[   25.931387] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
[   25.931392] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
[   27.960028] wlan0: no IPv6 routers present
[  174.655199] EXT3-fs (sdb): error: can't find ext3 filesystem on dev sdb.
[  174.657319] EXT2-fs (sdb): error: can't find an ext2 filesystem on dev sdb.
[  174.660818] EXT4-fs (sdb): VFS: Can't find ext4 filesystem

Perhaps related

1. 
   

   https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/11028/backup-whole-hard-disk-linux

   
   


2. 
   

   USB-SATA adapter -suggestion to connect the new HDD to my *ix laptop, https://superuser.com/a/387134/114739

   
   


3. 
   

   I am using these SATA to HDD 2.5" Adapters here and here, bought two pieces but both seems to work at least automounting works with them in Ubuntu and Windows.

   
   

To Luke's comment

$ sudo fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 60.0 GB, 60022480896 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7297 cylinders, total 117231408 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000da58e

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048   113055743    56526848   83  Linux
/dev/sda2       113057790   117229567     2085889    5  Extended
/dev/sda5       113057792   117229567     2085888   82  Linux swap / Solaris
Note: sector size is 4096 (not 512)

Disk /dev/sdb: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4864 cylinders, total 78142806 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 4096 = 4096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x181d6d22

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1   *        2048     3074047    12288000    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sdb2         3074048   600563711  2389958656    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sdb3       600563712   625139711    98304000    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

Err to Lamar's comment

root@h:/# mount -t ntfs /dev/sdb2 /Windows/
NTFS signature is missing.
Failed to mount '/dev/sdb2': Invalid argument
The device '/dev/sdb2' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS.
Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a
partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around?
root@h:/# sudo mount -t ntfs /dev/sdb2 /Windows/
NTFS signature is missing.
Failed to mount '/dev/sdb2': Invalid argument
The device '/dev/sdb2' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS.
Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a
partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around?

$ sudo mount -t ntfs /dev/sdb2 /Windows
NTFS signature is missing.
Failed to mount '/dev/sdb2': Invalid argument
The device '/dev/sdb2' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS.
Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a
partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around?